Isikhumba asilogama nje kuphela elisetyenziswa kwimfashini, kodwa sikwangumphumo wenkqubo yekhemikhali eyaziwa ngokuba yi-tanning. Kwicandelo leempendulo zekhemikhali zesikhumba, kukho inkqubo enye ephambili eveleleyo –ukuphinda kufakwe i-tan Masiqalise uhambo olunomdla lokufumanisa iimfihlo zokuphinda sithambise isikhumba, inkqubo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yesikhumba, kunye nokuhlola ihlabathi elimangalisayo lekhemistri yesikhumba.
1. Isayensi esekwe ekutshisweni kwesikhumba: Ukutshiswe kwesikhumba yinkqubo yokuguqula izikhumba zezilwanyana eziluhlaza zibe zizinto ezihlala ixesha elide neziguquguqukayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uthotho lweempendulo zeekhemikhali ezizinzisa imicu ye-collagen ngaphakathi kwesikhumba kwaye zithintele ukuba zingaboli. Iiarhente zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziiarhente zokutshiswe kwesikhumba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshiswe kwesikhumba.
2. Fumana ukuvuselelwa kobutsha ngeiiarhente zokubuyisela ibala: Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthambisa isikhumba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuthambisa isikhumba xa kusenziwa ulusu. Ezi zinto zibalulekile ekunikeni ulusu iimpawu ezifunekayo njengokuthamba, ukuthamba kunye nokukhawuleza kombala. Zikwaphucula ubunzima balo kunye nokuqina kwalo.
3. Kukho iintlobo ezininziiiarhente zokubuyisela ibala: Iiarhente zokubuyisela umbala kwisikhumba ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye inomsebenzi wayo othile. Izizalisi, ezifana ne-kaolin, zisetyenziselwa ukuzalisa izithuba ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sesikhumba, zinika uburhabaxa kunye nokuthungwa kwezinto. Iiresins, ezifana nee-acrylics, zinceda ukudibanisa imicu kunye ukuze kongezelelwe amandla. Iifatliquors, ezifana neeoyile zokwenziwa nezendalo, zithambisa isikhumba kwaye zonyusa ukuguquguquka kwaso. Ukongeza, iikhompawundi ezisekwe kwisalfure zisetyenziselwa ukwenza lula ukupholimeta kweekhemikhali zokubuyisela umbala kwisikhumba, ngaloo ndlela zinyusa ukuqina.
4. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwindalo: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lesikhumba liye latshintshela ingqalelo yalo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ezizinzileyo nezinobuhlobo nendalo. Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yesikhumba, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthambisa isikhumba kwindalo ezifana neziqwenga zezityalo kunye neekhompawundi ze-biomimetic ziye zathandwa ngenxa yempembelelo yazo enciphileyo kwindalo. Ezi zinto zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kwindalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuthambisa isikhumba kube yindlela ezinzileyo.
5. Landela imigangatho yomgangatho: Iimveliso zesikhumba zivavanywa ngononophelo kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukusetyenziswa ngononophelo kwee-retanning agents kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo ezifana nokuhambelana kombala, ukuthamba kunye nokumelana nokukrweleka okanye ukukrazuka. Iindlela zohlalutyo eziphambili, kubandakanya ukuskena i-electron microscopy kunye nohlalutyo lwe-spectroscopic, zinceda ukuqinisekisa ezi parameters zomgangatho. Ukuqukumbela: Ihlabathi lokuthambisa isikhumba kunye nokuthambisa ludibaniso olunomdla lokugqwesa kwesayensi, ubugcisa kunye nolwazi lokusingqongileyo.
Njengoko ishishini lesikhumba liqhubeka likhula, inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe kunye neekhemikhali zithembisa ukubonelela ngeemveliso zesikhumba ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezizinzileyo. Ukuqonda ubunzima bokuthambisa isikhumba kunye neempendulo zaso zeekhemikhali ezinxulumene noko akuyi kukhulisa kuphela uxabiso lwethu ngeempahla zesikhumba kodwa kuya kutyhila namathuba amakhulu eshishini leekhemikhali zesikhumba. Ngokujonga kwihlabathi lekhemistri yesikhumba, sityhila iimfihlo ezingasemva kokuvelisa izikhumba ezintle ezibonisa ukuqina, ukuguquguquka kunye nobuhle, ngelixa sihambisana neemfuno ezikhulayo zozinzo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-07-2023